The country’s DR-TB model of care has evolved from mandatory hospitalisation to a fully decentralised, patient-centred approach. The 2011 national policy framework first enabled ambulatory and community-based treatment, while the 2019 update expanded eligibility for outpatient management, placing clinical need—rather than smear status—at the centre of decision-making. This progressive shift towards decentralised, integrated, and community-based care continues to guide national efforts to end TB.

Regular national reviews, including this assessment, enable the National Department of Health (NDoH) to monitor progress, identify bottlenecks, and adapt implementation strategies. Previous reviews (2016, 2018, 2021) have informed policy refinement and investment decisions, contributing to continuous system strengthening for DR-TB care.