The aim of the Annual Inspection Report is to present findings of public sector health establishments inspected by the OHSC to monitor compliance with the National Core Standards (NCS) during the 2016/2017 financial year in South Africa. During 2016/17 OHSC advanced its efforts and inspected 696 public health facilities and 204 additional inspections were conducted. Of these additional inspections, 155 were carried out within 6 months from the first inspection. The number and effort of inspections will need to increase in the coming years to include inspections in the private health facilities. Inspected health facilities yield scores across 7 domains of quality. National average score was 59% in hospitals, 50% in Community Health Centres (CHCs) and 47% in clinics. The highest average percentage outcome score among provinces was 61% from Gauteng whilst Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces had the lowest average percentage outcome score of 43%. Provinces should maximise their efforts and introduce strategies in districts and lower levels to improve their average percentage outcome scores.