Childhood TB has been neglected for years despite the fact that children are at high risk of acquiring TB infection and die of TB disease because of difficulties in diagnosing TB in this age group. These guidelines therefore are meant to raise awareness about this silent childhood epidemic in the country. All services that provide maternal and child health care at primary and secondary level must screen children at high risk of TB and mothers for TB, initiate TB treatment early in those diagnosed with TB, offer TB preventive therapy to those who are eligible and antiretroviral treatment to TB/HIV co-infected children and mothers.