. The goal of the national antenatal sentinel HIV prevalence survey is to produce robust scientific evidence at national, provincial and district level in order to: Determine the HIV sero-prevalence among first time antenatal clinic attendees, seen as a particularly suitable “sentinel” group to represent most closely the HIV prevalence of the general adult sexually active part of the population and to provide baseline empirical data for national, provincial and district level estimates and extrapolation of HIV infections for future projections of the epidemic.